Localization Data for Person Activity
Person Activity Data Set
These datums represent a multi-agent system for the care of
elderly people living at home on their own, with the aim to prolong their
independence. The system was designed to provide a reliable, robust and
flexible monitoring by sensing the user in the environment, reconstructing the
position and posture to create the physical awareness of the user in the
environment, reacting to critical situations, calling for help in the case of
an emergency, and issuing warnings if unusual behavior was detected.
People used for recording of the data were wearing four tags
(ankle left, ankle right, belt and chest).
Each instance is a localization data
for one of the tags. The tag can be identified by one of the attributes.
|
Relevant Papers: B. Kaluza, V. Mirchevska, E.
Dovgan, M. Lustrek, M. Gams, An Agent-based Approach to Care in Independent
Living, International Joint Conference on Ambient Intelligence (AmI-10),
Malaga, Spain, In press |
Evaluation
The evaluation of this dataset is done using Area Under the ROC curve (AUC).
An example of its application are ROC curves. Here, the true positive rates are plotted against false positive rates. An example is below. The closer AUC for a model comes to 1, the better it is. So models with higher AUCs are preferred over those with lower AUCs.
Please note, there are also other methods than ROC curves but they are also related to the true positive and false positive rates, e. g. precision-recall, F1-Score or Lorenz curves.
AUC is used most of the time to mean AUROC, AUC is ambiguous (could be any curve) while AUROC is not.
Interpreting the AUROC
The AUROC has several equivalent interpretations:
- The expectation that a uniformly drawn random positive is ranked before a uniformly drawn random negative.
- The expected proportion of positives ranked before a uniformly drawn random negative.
- The expected true positive rate if the ranking is split just before a uniformly drawn random negative.
- The expected proportion of negatives ranked after a uniformly drawn random positive.
- The expected false positive rate if the ranking is split just after a uniformly drawn random positive.
Computing the AUROC
Assume we have a probabilistic, binary classifier such as logistic regression.
Before presenting the ROC curve (= Receiver Operating Characteristic curve), the concept ofconfusion matrix must be understood. When we make a binary prediction, there can be 4 types of outcomes:
- We predict 0 while we should have the class is actually 0: this is called a True Negative, i.e. we correctly predict that the class is negative (0). For example, an antivirus did not detect a harmless file as a virus .
- We predict 0 while we should have the class is actually 1: this is called a False Negative, i.e. we incorrectly predict that the class is negative (0). For example, an antivirus failed to detect a virus.
- We predict 1 while we should have the class is actually 0: this is called a False Positive, i.e. we incorrectly predict that the class is positive (1). For example, an antivirus considered a harmless file to be a virus.
- We predict 1 while we should have the class is actually 1: this is called a True Positive, i.e. we correctly predict that the class is positive (1). For example, an antivirus rightfully detected a virus.
To get the confusion matrix, we go over all the predictions made by the model, and count how many times each of those 4 types of outcomes occur:
In this example of a confusion matrix, among the 50 data points that are classified, 45 are correctly classified and the 5 are misclassified.
Since to compare two different models it is often more convenient to have a single metric rather than several ones, we compute two metrics from the confusion matrix, which we will later combine into one:
- True positive rate (TPR), aka. sensitivity, hit rate, and recall, which is defined as . Intuitively this metric corresponds to the proportion of positive data points that are correctly considered as positive, with respect to all positive data points. In other words, the higher TPR, the fewer positive data points we will miss.
- False positive rate (FPR), aka. fall-out, which is defined as . Intuitively this metric corresponds to the proportion of negative data points that are mistakenly considered as positive, with respect to all negative data points. In other words, the higher FPR, the more negative data points we will missclassified.
To combine the FPR and the TPR into one single metric, we first compute the two former metrics with many different threshold (for example ) for the logistic regression, then plot them on a single graph, with the FPR values on the abscissa and the TPR values on the ordinate. The resulting curve is called ROC curve, and the metric we consider is the AUC of this curve, which we call AUROC.
The following figure shows the AUROC graphically:
In this figure, the blue area corresponds to the Area Under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC). The dashed line in the diagonal we present the ROC curve of a random predictor: it has an AUROC of 0.5. The random predictor is commonly used as a baseline to see whether the model is useful.
If you want to get some first-hand experience:
- Python: http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/model_selection/plot_roc.html
- MATLAB: http://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/perfcurve.html
Source : http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/132777/what-does-auc-stand-for-and-what-is-it
Rules
One account per participant
You cannot sign up from multiple accounts and therefore you cannot submit from multiple accounts.
You cannot sign up from multiple accounts and therefore you cannot submit from multiple accounts.
No private sharing outside teams
Privately sharing code or data outside of teams is not permitted. It's okay to share code if made available to all participants on the forums.
Privately sharing code or data outside of teams is not permitted. It's okay to share code if made available to all participants on the forums.
Submission Limits
You may submit a maximum of 5 entries per day.
You may select up to 2 final submissions for judging.
You may submit a maximum of 5 entries per day.
You may select up to 2 final submissions for judging.
Specific Understanding
- Use of external data is not permitted. This includes use of pre-trained models.
- Hand-labeling is allowed on the training dataset only. Hand-labeling is not permitted on test data and will be grounds for disqualification.
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Data License
Citation Policy:
Please refer to : https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/citation_policy.html
Lichman, M. (2013). UCI Machine Learning Repository [http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml]. Irvine, CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science.
